+def move_pos(direction, pos_yx):
+ if direction == 'UP':
+ pos_yx[0] -= 1
+ elif direction == 'DOWN':
+ pos_yx[0] += 1
+ elif direction == 'RIGHT':
+ pos_yx[1] += 1
+ elif direction == 'LEFT':
+ pos_yx[1] -= 1
+
+
+class Task:
+
+ def __init__(self, thing, name, args=(), kwargs={}):
+ self.name = name
+ self.thing = thing
+ self.args = args
+ self.kwargs = kwargs
+ self.todo = 1
+
+ def check(self):
+ if self.name == 'move':
+ if len(self.args) > 0:
+ direction = self.args[0]
+ else:
+ direction = self.kwargs['direction']
+ test_pos = self.thing.position[:]
+ move_pos(direction, test_pos)
+ if test_pos[0] < 0 or test_pos[1] < 0 or \
+ test_pos[0] >= self.thing.world.map_size[0] or \
+ test_pos[1] >= self.thing.world.map_size[1]:
+ raise GameError('would move outside map bounds')
+ pos_i = test_pos[0] * self.thing.world.map_size[1] + test_pos[1]
+ map_tile = self.thing.world.map_[pos_i]
+ if map_tile != '.':
+ raise GameError('would move into illegal terrain')
+
+
+class Thing:
+
+ def __init__(self, world, type_, position):
+ self.world = world
+ self.type_ = type_
+ self.position = position
+ self.task = Task(self, 'wait')
+
+ def task_wait(self):
+ pass
+
+ def task_move(self, direction):
+ move_pos(direction, self.position)
+
+ def decide_task(self):
+ if self.position[1] > 1:
+ self.set_task('move', 'LEFT')
+ elif self.position[1] < 3:
+ self.set_task('move', 'RIGHT')
+ else:
+ self.set_task('wait')
+
+ def set_task(self, task, *args, **kwargs):
+ self.task = Task(self, task, args, kwargs)
+ self.task.check()
+
+ def proceed(self, is_AI=True):
+ """Further the thing in its tasks.
+
+ Decrements .task.todo; if it thus falls to <= 0, enacts method whose
+ name is 'task_' + self.task.name and sets .task = None. If is_AI, calls
+ .decide_task to decide a self.task.
+ """
+ self.task.todo -= 1
+ if self.task.todo <= 0:
+ task = getattr(self, 'task_' + self.task.name)
+ task(*self.task.args, **self.task.kwargs)
+ self.task = None
+ if is_AI and self.task is None:
+ self.decide_task()
+
+
+class World:
+
+ def __init__(self):
+ self.turn = 0
+ self.map_size = (5, 5)
+ self.map_ = 'xxxxx' +\
+ 'x...x' +\
+ 'x.X.x' +\
+ 'x...x' +\
+ 'xxxxx'
+ self.things = [
+ Thing(self, 'human', [3, 3]),
+ Thing(self, 'monster', [1, 1])
+ ]
+ self.player_i = 0
+ self.player = self.things[self.player_i]
+
+
+def fib(n):
+ """Calculate n-th Fibonacci number. Very inefficiently."""
+ if n in (1, 2):
+ return 1
+ else:
+ return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
+
+
+class CommandHandler:
+
+ def __init__(self, queues_out):
+ from multiprocessing import Pool
+ self.queues_out = queues_out
+ self.world = World()
+ self.parser = Parser(self)
+ # self.pool and self.pool_result are currently only needed by the FIB
+ # command and the demo of a parallelized game loop in cmd_inc_p.
+ self.pool = Pool()
+ self.pool_result = None
+
+ def handle_input(self, input_, connection_id):
+ """Process input_ to command grammar, call command handler if found."""
+ try:
+ command = self.parser.parse(input_)
+ if command is None:
+ self.send_to(connection_id, 'UNHANDLED INPUT')
+ else:
+ command(connection_id=connection_id)
+ except ArgError as e:
+ self.send_to(connection_id, 'ARGUMENT ERROR: ' + str(e))
+ except GameError as e:
+ self.send_to(connection_id, 'GAME ERROR: ' + str(e))
+
+ def send_to(self, connection_id, msg):
+ """Send msg to client of connection_id."""
+ self.queues_out[connection_id].put(msg)
+
+ def send_all(self, msg):
+ """Send msg to all clients."""
+ for connection_id in self.queues_out:
+ self.send_to(connection_id, msg)
+
+ def stringify_yx(self, tuple_):
+ """Transform tuple (y,x) into string 'Y:'+str(y)+',X:'+str(x)."""
+ return 'Y:' + str(tuple_[0]) + ',X:' + str(tuple_[1])
+
+ def quoted(self, string):
+ """Quote and escape string so client interprets it as single token."""
+ quoted = []
+ quoted += ['"']
+ for c in string:
+ if c in {'"', '\\'}:
+ quoted += ['\\']
+ quoted += [c]
+ quoted += ['"']
+ return ''.join(quoted)
+
+ def quoted_map(self, map_string, map_width):
+ """Put \n into map_string at map_width intervals, return quoted whole."""
+ map_lines = []
+ map_size = len(map_string)
+ start_cut = 0
+ while start_cut < map_size:
+ limit = start_cut + map_width
+ map_lines += [map_string[start_cut:limit]]
+ start_cut = limit
+ return self.quoted("\n".join(map_lines))
+
+ def send_all_gamestate(self):
+ """Send out game state data relevant to clients."""
+ self.send_all('NEW_TURN ' + str(self.world.turn))
+ self.send_all('MAP_SIZE ' + self.stringify_yx(self.world.map_size))
+ self.send_all('TERRAIN\n' + self.quoted_map(self.world.map_,
+ self.world.map_size[1]))
+ for thing in self.world.things:
+ self.send_all('THING TYPE:' + thing.type_ + ' '
+ + self.stringify_yx(thing.position))
+
+ def proceed_to_next_player_turn(self, connection_id):
+ """Run game world turns until player can decide their next step.
+
+ Sends a 'TURN_FINISHED' message, then iterates through all non-player
+ things, on each step furthering them in their tasks (and letting them
+ decide new ones if they finish). The iteration order is: first all
+ things that come after the player in the world things list, then (after
+ incrementing the world turn) all that come before the player; then the
+ player's .proceed() is run, and if it does not finish his task, the
+ loop starts at the beginning. Once the player's task is finished, the
+ loop breaks, and client-relevant game data is sent.
+ """
+ self.send_all('TURN_FINISHED ' + str(self.world.turn))
+ while True:
+ for thing in self.world.things[self.world.player_i+1:]:
+ thing.proceed()
+ self.world.turn += 1
+ for thing in self.world.things[:self.world.player_i]:
+ thing.proceed()
+ self.world.player.proceed(is_AI=False)
+ if self.world.player.task is None:
+ break
+ self.send_all_gamestate()
+
+ def cmd_MOVE(self, direction, connection_id):
+ """Set player task to 'move' with direction arg, finish player turn."""
+ if direction not in {'UP', 'DOWN', 'RIGHT', 'LEFT'}:
+ raise ArgError('Move argument must be one of: '
+ 'UP, DOWN, RIGHT, LEFT')
+ self.world.player.set_task('move', direction=direction)
+ self.proceed_to_next_player_turn(connection_id)
+ cmd_MOVE.argtypes = 'string'
+
+ def cmd_WAIT(self, connection_id):
+ """Set player task to 'wait', finish player turn."""
+ self.world.player.set_task('wait')
+ self.proceed_to_next_player_turn(connection_id)
+
+ def cmd_GET_TURN(self, connection_id):
+ """Send world.turn to caller."""
+ self.send_to(connection_id, str(self.world.turn))
+
+ def cmd_ECHO(self, msg, connection_id):
+ """Send msg to caller."""
+ self.send_to(connection_id, msg)
+ cmd_ECHO.argtypes = 'string'
+
+ def cmd_ALL(self, msg, connection_id):
+ """Send msg to all clients."""
+ self.send_all(msg)
+ cmd_ALL.argtypes = 'string'
+
+ def cmd_FIB(self, numbers, connection_id):
+ """Reply with n-th Fibonacci numbers, n taken from tokens[1:].
+
+ Numbers are calculated in parallel as far as possible, using fib().
+ A 'CALCULATING …' message is sent to caller before the result.
+ """
+ self.send_to(connection_id, 'CALCULATING …')
+ results = self.pool.map(fib, numbers)
+ reply = ' '.join([str(r) for r in results])
+ self.send_to(connection_id, reply)
+ cmd_FIB.argtypes = 'seq:int:nonneg'
+
+ def cmd_INC_P(self, connection_id):
+ """Increment world.turn, send game turn data to everyone.
+
+ To simulate game processing waiting times, a one second delay between
+ TURN_FINISHED and NEW_TURN occurs; after NEW_TURN, some expensive
+ calculations are started as pool processes that need to be finished
+ until a further INC finishes the turn.
+
+ This is just a demo structure for how the game loop could work when
+ parallelized. One might imagine a two-step game turn, with a non-action
+ step determining actor tasks (the AI determinations would take the
+ place of the fib calculations here), and an action step wherein these
+ tasks are performed (where now sleep(1) is).
+ """
+ from time import sleep
+ if self.pool_result is not None:
+ self.pool_result.wait()
+ self.send_all('TURN_FINISHED ' + str(self.world.turn))
+ sleep(1)
+ self.world.turn += 1
+ self.send_all_gamestate()
+ self.pool_result = self.pool.map_async(fib, (35, 35))
+
+
+def io_loop(q):
+ """Handle commands coming through queue q, send results back.
+
+ Commands from q are expected to be tuples, with the first element either
+ 'ADD_QUEUE', 'COMMAND', or 'KILL_QUEUE', the second element a UUID, and
+ an optional third element of arbitrary type. The UUID identifies a
+ receiver for replies.
+
+ An 'ADD_QUEUE' command should contain as third element a queue through
+ which to send messages back to the sender of the command. A 'KILL_QUEUE'
+ command removes the queue for that receiver from the list of queues through
+ which to send replies.
+
+ A 'COMMAND' command is specified in greater detail by a string that is the
+ tuple's third element. CommandHandler takes care of processing this and
+ sending out replies.
+ """
+ queues_out = {}
+ command_handler = CommandHandler(queues_out)
+ while True:
+ x = q.get()
+ command_type = x[0]
+ connection_id = x[1]
+ content = None if len(x) == 2 else x[2]
+ if command_type == 'ADD_QUEUE':
+ queues_out[connection_id] = content
+ elif command_type == 'COMMAND':
+ command_handler.handle_input(content, connection_id)
+ elif command_type == 'KILL_QUEUE':
+ del queues_out[connection_id]
+
+
+q = queue.Queue()
+c = threading.Thread(target=io_loop, daemon=True, args=(q,))
+c.start()
+server = Server(q, ('localhost', 5000), IO_Handler)