+
+
+extern uint8_t read_uint8(FILE * file, uint8_t * x)
+{
+ /* Since read_uintX_bigendian() works on -- and zeroes -- four bytes, direct
+ * work on values of fewer bytes would corrupt immediate neighbor values.
+ */
+ uint32_t y = * x;
+ uint8_t err = read_uintX_bigendian(file, &y, 8);
+ * x = (uint8_t) y;
+ return err;
+}
+
+
+
+extern uint8_t read_uint16_bigendian(FILE * file, uint16_t * x)
+{
+ /* See read_uint8() introductory code comment for rationale. */
+ uint32_t y = * x;
+ uint8_t err = read_uintX_bigendian(file, &y, 16);
+ * x = (uint16_t) y;
+ return err;
+}
+
+
+
+extern uint8_t read_uint32_bigendian(FILE * file, uint32_t * x)
+{
+ return read_uintX_bigendian(file, x, 32);
+}
+
+
+
+extern uint8_t write_uint8(uint8_t x, FILE * file)
+{
+ return write_uintX_bigendian(file, x, 8);
+}
+
+
+
+extern uint8_t write_uint16_bigendian(uint16_t x, FILE * file)
+{
+ return write_uintX_bigendian(file, x, 16);
+}
+
+
+
+extern uint8_t write_uint32_bigendian(uint32_t x, FILE * file)